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Professional Mercenaries And Cannon Made Medieval War Obsolete. As the medieval world gave way to the early modern around 1. European warfare was utterly transformed. Mounted knights and castles gave way to cannon, firearms, and enormously complex fortifications. The scale of war grew as well. Armies that had contained thousands of soldiers in the 1.

Conflicts between newly powerful dynasts like the Habsburgs of Spain and Austria, and the Valois of France turned into long, punishing wars of attrition. Historians call this set of changes the Military Revolution. As war got bigger, it got more expensive and more complex.

Click here to Start Download Click here to Play Go to Video. As the medieval world gave way to the early modern around 1500, European warfare was utterly transformed. Mounted knights and castles gave way to cannon, firearms. Issuu is a digital publishing platform that makes it simple to publish magazines, catalogs, newspapers, books, and more online. Easily share your publications and get.

New state bureaucracies were necessary to assess and collect the money to pay for it. Financial industries developed to provide credit on a scale unimaginable in medieval Europe. The new dynastic states of Europe formed public- private partnerships with arms manufacturers and mercenary commanders to marshal the resources to fight these increasingly long and expensive wars. The new techniques of war required more expertise from soldiers. Since most states didn’t maintain large standing armies, that meant an international market in mercenaries grew and developed between 1. The Swiss were the most famous of these, but there were Italians and especially Germans as well, the famous landsknechte.

War was increasingly a profession even for non- nobles, and early modern mercenaries took their work seriously. The early modern battlefield was no place for amateurs. It took real expertise to man batteries of cannon. Firearms were easier to use than bows, but still took years of practice to use effectively. Most of all, dense formations of pikemen—hedgehogs of thousands of men packed in shoulder to shoulder with 1. At the Battle of Novara in 1.

The commander of that square, a French noble named Robert de la Marck, was pulled from under a pile of corpses with more than 4. Contemporaries had a term for this kind of fight: They called it “bad war.”Nobody without training and discipline was going to stand face to face in the bloody melee of an early modern battlefield, with shot and cannonballs flying everywhere. Mercenaries may have been greedy and unreliable, but they were the only ones with the technical expertise and the willingness to stand in and fight in this effective, proven fashion. The net effect of all this was a huge expansion of war’s impact on society. I’m Patrick Wyman, and Tides of History is my new history podcast. You may remember my old show, The Fall of Rome. In Tides, I’m covering not only the fall of the Roman Empire, but also the rise of the modern world, with topics like the rise of the state, the Military Revolution, the beginnings of capitalism, and the Reformation.

Think of Tides of History like a TV show that happens to have two seasons running simultaneously. If any of what this post has discussed sounds interesting to you, check out these two episodes below. Watch The Lion King 1? Online Forbes. The first explores the Military Revolution, while the second explores the experiences of being a mercenary during this transformation of war. The second is one of my favorite episodes I’ve ever done, and I’d appreciate it if you gave it a listen. You can subscribe on Apple Podcasts, i. Tunes, Stitcher, Google Play, NPR One, Tune. In, and any other podcast app you can think of.

If you have any questions or comments, let me know. Episode 5 - The Military Revolution, 1.

Episode 6 - Life as a Mercenary in the Military Revolution. Watch Getaway Online Fandango. Further reading: Geoffrey Parker, The Military Revolution: Military Innovation and the Rise of the West (Cambridge, 1.

Second Edition)David Parrott, The Business of War: Military Enterprise and Military Revolution in Early Modern Europe (Cambridge, 2. Frank Tallett, War and Society in Early Modern Europe, 1.

New York, 1. 99. 7)Fritz Redlich, The German Military Enterpriser and His Work Force (Wiesbaden, 1. Adrian R. Bell, Anne Curry, Andy King, and David Simpkin, The Soldier in Later Medieval England (Oxford, 2.

Michael Mallett and Christine Shaw, The Italian Wars, 1. War, State and Society in Early Modern Europe (New York, 2.

Idan Sharar, Warriors for a Living: The Experience of the Spanish Infantry in the Italian Wars, 1. Leiden, 2. 01. 7).

Watch Arundhati - Ek Anokhi Kahani (Hindi Dubbed) Hindi Movie Online: Box. TV. com. Magadheera 2. Hindi Drama, Action, Thriller. Duration: 1: 5. 4: 5. The movie story deals with Arundhati the great- granddaughter of the Raja of Gadwal, Mahasamsthan.

Arrangements are being made for her marriage. Arundhati is the first female to be born since her great great grandmother and is especially revered in the family. Her grandfather, the head of the family, talks to her with respect as if she were older than him. She receives a misleading phone call in her fiance Rahul's voice asking her to come to the fort of Gadwal, where she faces a horrible revelation. Learning the story from an aged servant maid, Chandramma, Arundhati comes to know that she is a look alike of her great- grandmother Jejjamma.

Jejjama is an expert in painting, dancing and martial arts. Her elder sister is married to her cousin Pasupathi. Pasupathi, a womanizer, rapes the women he likes and kills those who object. While Jejjama was still a young girl, he raped and killed her blind dance teacher while a horrified Jejjama watched through the peephole. Jejjama, furious, demands that he be killed but the King tells her that this would ruin her sister's life. Hearing this, Jejjamma's sister commits suicide. The people of Gadwal furiously thrash Pasupathi and tie him to his horse.

Though Gadwal celebrates his death, he is saved by Aghoras. Pasupathi masters the Tantric arts and returns to Gadwal many years later to exact his revenge. He unleashes carnage as he uses his powers to torture innocent people something the Aghoras don't do. He arrives on Jejjama's marriage day and magically starts removing her clothes but Jejjama seduces him and performs a special dance imbued with martial arts to lull Pasupathi. She then cuts off his tongue and pins his hands, allowing a chandalier to fall on his body.

She spares him from being killed to prevent him from becoming a 'pretatma'. Pasupathi is buried alive in a tomb and powerful 'yantras' are put on it to prevent him from coming out. Jejjama goes to the Aghories for help. They say she cannot kill Pasupathi now; she must be reborn again.

She sacrifices her own life and before she dies, tells her son that she will be reborn as the first daughter in the family. This is the reason that Arundhathi's grandfather always treats her with respect. The queen dies and her relics are fashioned into a dagger, the one weapon that could destroy Pasupathi forever. A worker in a trance unknowingly breaks the tomb and releases the 'pretatma'. Anwar who treats patients through sorcery tells her asks her to fight Pasupathi. Arundhati comes to know that her great- grandmother had prepared a 'weapon' with her own bones and had kept it with the sages. Pasupathi stabs Arundhati and she goes to Anwar's palace after recovering.

While they procure the weapon, Anwar falls off a cliff. Arundhati, believing that Anwar is dead, returns to the fort to surrender herself to Pasupathi to prevent the death of her family members. Watch Blood Father HIGH Quality Definitons. Anwar, who survives the fall, hands the weapon to Arundhati.

The weapon has to be soaked in Arundhathi's blood before it can be used. Before Anwar can tell her this, Pasupathi kills him. As a last resort to save herself, Arundhati tries to kill herself with the same weapon.

The dagger glows from her blood showing that Jejjamma had come. She kills Pasupathi and the building sets fire and blasts. Then Arundhati is shown walking out of the place as Jejjamma.